Renaissance+and+Reformation+Vocabulary

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** Predestination ** : One of John Calvin's main teachings; the idea that God knew who would be saved even before they were born.

 * ** Catholic Reformation ** :the effort of the late 1500s and 1600s to reform the Catholic Church from within; Also known as the Counter-Reformation.
 * //**Desiderius Erasmus**: Dutch priest, he published "In Praise of Folly" in which he criticized corrupt clergy. His criticisms helped inspire the Protestant Reformation.//
 * **William Tynsdale:**English professor, he translated the Bible into English. he was later executed as a heretic.
 * **Method:** A way of doing something. "The church used a number of __methods__ to raise money, and it had been able to stay rich because it didn't have to pay any taxes."
 * **Protestants:** //A Christian who protested against the Catholic Church.//
 * **John Calvin:**Christian reformer, he taught about predestination, living good lives, and obeying God's law.
 * **King Henry VIII:** King of England, he split with the Catholic Church of England or Anglican Church when the Pope wouldn't grant him a divorce.


 * ** Indulgence : ** // A document given by the Pope that excused a person from penalties for sins he or she had committed. //
 * ** Purgatory: ** In Catholic teaching, a place where souls went before they went to heaven.
 * ** Martin Luther: ** A German priest credited with starting the Reformation, he nailed a list of complaints about the Catholic Church to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany.
 * ** Martin Luther: ** A German priest credited with starting the Reformation, he nailed a list of complaints about the Catholic Church to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany.


 * **Utopia:** //An Ideal place as described in Thomas More's book, __Utopia__//
 * **Sonnet:** 14 line poems that usually have 10 syllables per line.
 * **Reformation:** Religious movement begun by Martin Luther. Began because of the selling of indulgences. Led to the foundings of Christian churches that did not accept the pope's authority (Protestants). Also known as the Protestant Reformation.


 * **Leonardo da Vinci**: //Genius of the Renaissance, he was a painter, sculptor, inventor, engineer, town planner, and a mapmaker. He was a true Renaissance Man//
 * **Perspective:** A method of showing a three-dimensional scene on a flat surface so that is looks real.
 * **Vernacular:** The common language of a people


 * **Johann Gutenberg**: //German printer, he developed a printing press that used moveable type.//
 * **William Shakespeare:** English Renaissance writer and playwright, he is considered by many to be the greatest English writer of all time.
 * **Michelangelo:** //Italian Renaissance artist, he designed buildings, wrote poetry, and created sculptures and paintings.//


 * **Cosimo de' Medici**: // Italian banker and leader of Florence, he wanted to make Florence the greatest city in the world. His actions helped bring about the Renaissance. //
 * ** Niccolo Machiavelli: ** Italian writer and politician, he wrote The Prince in which he advised leaders on how to rule.
 * ** Petrarch: ** // Early Italian Renaissance scholar, he wrote about the importance about knowing history. //
 * ** Petrarch: ** // Early Italian Renaissance scholar, he wrote about the importance about knowing history. //


 * // **Renaissance**: Rebirth in art, writing, architecture, learning and culture. //
 * //**Patrons**: Those who financially supported the arts//
 * //**Humanism**: intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements//